FEM-WIKI
Welcome to FEMWIKI
The Field Epidemiology Manual was originally developed by the ECDC to support the European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET). Trainers, supervisors, scientific coordinators, and facilitators created draft chapters using the lectures they delivered during the EPIET introductory course. The philosophy of sharing and building knowledge (in particular training materials) led to the creation of a collaborative information space for the epidemiological training community - The FEM Wiki.
Eventually, the ECDC decommissioned the FEM Wiki and archived the last version as a PDF. Since FEM Wiki content was developed under Creative Commons, the Dutch Public Health Learning Support Company Transmissible decided to reinstall the Field Epidemiology manual as it was intended: a professional collaborative platform.
The aim of the FEM Wiki is to create a library of training materials for field epidemiology training programs.
Article Portal
Assessing the burden of disease and risk assessment -- (approved version) Descriptive data analysis
Analysis by person characteristics
Analysis by place characteristics -- (approved version)
Choosing an appropriate type of map Which indicator to map? -- (approved version)
Analysis by time characteristics
Methods for setting thresholds in time series analysis -- (approved version) Smoothing techniques for describing time series -- (approved version) Spatial Analysis (Geographical Information Systems)
Epidemic Intelligence Rapid Risk Assessment
Classifying and Measuring Risk Identifying Risk Stage 0: Preparation for rapid risk assessment Stage 1: Collecting event information Stage 2: Systematically collecting information Stage 3: Extracting relevant evidence Stage 4: Appraising evidence Stage 5; Estimating the risk
Surveillance - Principles -- (approved version)
Criteria for Surveillance Event-based Surveillance
Indicator-based Surveillance Establishing a Surveillance System Analysis of Surveillance Data
Analysis, Interpretation and Dissemination -- (approved version) Quality checking -- (approved version) Common errors in surveillance data analysis
Evaluation of Surveillance Systems
10 common errors in surveillance evaluations Quality, Governance and Operating Procedures -- (approved version)
Surveillance attributes for evaluation
capture-recapture Sources and Types of Data -- (approved version)
Types of Surveillance System (Active vs Passive)
Surveillance System Design and Operation -- (approved version) Uses of Surveillance Data Objectives of Surveillance – Inputs and Outputs -- (approved version) Opportunities and Challenges -- (approved version) Surveillance or Research? -- (approved version) The Components of Surveillance The Role of Surveillance -- (approved version)
Field Epidemiology
Combining Studies: Meta-Analysis Key definitions in infectious diseases epidemiology
Measurement in Field Epidemiology Cluster Investigations
Statistical Methods for Cluster Investigation Types of Cluster Getting Measurement Right Measures of association
Measures of Disease Impact -- (approved version)
Impact numbers Measures of disease impact - Further reading -- (approved version) Measures of impact among the exposed -- (approved version) Measures of impact in the population -- (approved version) Quantifying disease burden -- (approved version)
Measures of Disease Occurrence
Attack rates and case fatality Incidence rate -- (approved version)
Odds
Probability Prevalence -- (approved version) Relation between risk and incidence rate Risks and Rates
Problems with Measurement Bias
Detection Bias
Effect Modification and Confounding -- (approved version)
Confounding in studies -- (approved version) Criteria for confounding -- (approved version) Dose Effect -- (approved version) Effect Modification -- (approved version) Interaction -- (approved version) Residual Confounding -- (approved version)
Information (Measurement) Bias
Interviewer Bias Recall Bias Reporting Bias Response Bias Preventing bias
Selection Bias Selection bias and case-control studies
Ascertainment Bias Diagnostic bias Non-response bias Referral bias Survival bias Selection bias and cohort studies
Testing the Tests -- (approved version)
Diagnostic tests versus screening tests -- (approved version) Glossary -- (approved version) Parallel versus Serial testing -- (approved version) Receiver operating curve -- (approved version) Test Precision Test reliability -- (approved version) Test Reproducibility Threshold setting -- (approved version) Validity and accuracy -- (approved version)
Methods in Field Epidemiology Scientific (evidence base for prevention) Causal Inference -- (approved version)
Causal mechanisms -- (approved version) Viewpoints for Causality (Bradford Hill) -- (approved version)
Types of Study Analytical Study Designs
Advantages and disadvantages of cohort and case control studies
Case-control studies -- (approved version)
Case-cohort study -- (approved version) Density case control studies Table measuring risk, rate and odds ratio Traditional case-control studies -- (approved version)
Choosing a Reference Group -- (approved version)
Control Selection Developing a control definition Special Considerations in Control Selection -- (approved version)
Cohort studies -- (approved version)
Measuring incidence rates Measuring risk Reference group for cohort studies -- (approved version) Cross-sectional Studies
Matching -- (approved version)
Advantages and disadvantages of matching -- (approved version) Principles of matching Restriction -- (approved version) Table format and Analysis -- (approved version) Measures of effect in various study designs -- (approved version)
Non-traditional designs -- (approved version)
Case cross over studies -- (approved version) Case to case study design -- (approved version) Descriptive Studies Experimental Studies
Outbreak Investigations -- (approved version) Case definitions for outbreak assessment -- (approved version) Case Definitions
Defining a Case Sensitivity and Specificity of a case definition Various Levels of Case Definition
Confirm the outbreak Types of Outbreak
Continuing Source Distinguishing Different Sources or Modes of Transmission during an outbreak -- (approved version) Identifying Multiple Possible Outbreak Sources -- (approved version) Person to Person Point Source
Refining the estimated point in time of an outbreak source
Incubation period, Latent period and Generation time. Unmasking Outbreak Source through Segmentation -- (approved version) Vector Borne
Describe the outbreak Construction of Epidemic Curves -- (approved version)
Diagnostic Applications of the Epidemic Curve -- (approved version) Disentangling Complex Data -- (approved version) Use of Epidemic Curves for characterising Outbreak Sources -- (approved version)
Informing Action / Improving Knowledge
Additional resources for presenting findings -- (approved version) Choosing a method of data display -- (approved version)
Communication of findings To professionals
Definition of an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version) Frequent Problems with writing an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version) Structure of an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version) Writing an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version)
Writing style of an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version)
SOCO (single over-riding communications objective) To Public and the Media
Graphs, charts, diagrams -- (approved version)
Bar graphs Frequency polygons Histograms Line graphs Other types of data display Pie charts -- (approved version) Interpreting Data Maps -- (approved version) Presenting Data -- (approved version) Tables -- (approved version) Types of variables and line listing -- (approved version) Use of computers -- (approved version)
Investigations in Special Circumstances
Disasters and Emergencies Health care settings Possible Terrorist / Deliberate Event Prisons Schools Outbreak investigations: 10 steps, 10 pitfalls Outbreak steps : additional points
Rationale for Outbreak Investigations
Public health response (informing control) The outbreak management team Formal Risk Assessment
Health Economics
Cost-effectiveness Cost-minimisation Cost-utility Measuring the Quality of Healthcare Sensitivity Analysis
Screening
Evaluation of Screening Measures of Accuracy in Screening Principles of Screening
General Communication
Aide memoire for oral presentations and visual aids
Health communication
Crisis communication Health advocacy Health education Health literacy Outbreak communication Risk communication Social marketing
Writing a Study Protocol -- (approved version) Analysing a public health problem
SMART definitions Checklist for study protocols Data collection instrument
Questionnaire Design -- (approved version)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires Bias in Questionnaires -- (approved version)
Hints to Design a Good Questionnaire -- (approved version)
Questionnaire Layout and Coding -- (approved version) Seven Golden Rules to Design Questions -- (approved version) Piloting Questionnaires Ten Steps to Design a Questionnaire Types of Questionnaires -- (approved version)
Types of Questions -- (approved version)
Format of closed questions -- (approved version) Validated questionnaires
Writing for Publications
Checklist for posters -- (approved version) Scientific paper review form Writing for Stakeholders
Infection control and hospital hygiene
Antimicrobial stewardship Healthcare-associated infection prevention and control as a part of patient safety programme
Healthcare-associated infection prevention and control programme
Cooperative learning as active learning in adult Education and training of staff
Healthcare-associated infections and risk assessment
Burden of HAIs
Main pathogens and resistance Antimicrobial resistance.
Acquired resistance Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)
Types of HAIs
CAUTI CLABSI SSI VAP
Infection control interventions
Cohorting patients and/or staff Contact precautions Developing infection control interventions: isolation Environment as a source of healthcare-associated infections
Hand hygiene
Gloves and hand hygiene
Hand hygiene - principles
Five moments for hand hygiene Hand hygiene before invasive procedures Hand hygiene for patients and visitors Indications for hand hygiene Hand hygiene education and promotion Hand hygiene methods
Hand hygiene products selection and evaluation
Aesthetic preferences Evaluation of the microbicidal activities of hand-rub and hand-wash agents Pilot testing Product accessibility and cost Selection and evaluation for specific products Microbial flora of the hands Nails, rings, watches, bracelets Skin care Hospital cleaning and decontamination Immunization of health care workers Isolation of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) Methods for assessing environmental cleanliness Microbial typing Molecular epidemiology Pre-emptive isolation Reprocessing of flexible endoscopes Standard precautions
The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in infection prevention and control
Clinical role of the microbiology laboratory. Epidemiological/public health role of the clinical microbiology laboratory
Surveillance and investigation of healthcare-associated infections Case definitions of healthcare infections HAI case definitions for use in hospitals
Bloodstream Infection Bone and Joint Infection Cardiovascular System Infection Catheter-Related Infection Central Nervous System Infection Eye, Ear, Nose or Mouth Infection Gastrointestinal System Infections Lower Respiratory Tract Infection other than pneumonia Pneumonia Reproductive Tract Infections Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Specific Neonatal Case definitions Surgical Site Infection Systemic Infections Urinary Tract Infection
European surveillance of healthcare-associated infections ECDC point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals ECDC “Point prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals” protocol
ECDC “Point prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals”, definition of healthcare-associated infection ECDC PPS - antimicrobial use definition ECDC PPS - inclusion/exclusion criteria ECDC point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in long term care facilities ECDC surveillance of Surgical Site Infections
HAI Surveillance at the EU level - importance of international networks
ECDC Programme on antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net) Healthcare-Associated Infections Network (HAI-Net) Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections Surveillance of HAIs in intensive care units The European Surveillance System (TESSy)
Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections - definition
Surveillance methodologies for healthcare associated infections
Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections - other approaches
Surveillance for MV Patients in the ICU
Introduction to Public Health and basic concepts Public Health Informatics -- (approved version)
Apps for epidemiologists
Data Capture Systems
Electronic Data Transfer Online Reporting Web-crawling Applications
Health Informatics Standards – general introduction -- (approved version)
Health Informatics Standards - Health Information Systems and Processes Health Informatics Standards - Standard Content Software for epidemiologists -- (approved version) Weblinks for epidemiologists
Public Health Interventions -- (approved version)
Contact tracing Host -- (approved version)
Prevention -- (approved version)
Hygiene and Sanitation
Primary prevention Vaccination
Herd immunity Measuring protection Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Reservoir for infectious agents Source of infection Transmission routes
Public Health Law -- (approved version)
Brief history of International Communicable Disease Law
EU Public Health Legislation -- (approved version) Decision 1082/2013/EU: Serious cross border health threat
Some key recitals under 1082 EU Food Safety Legislation EU Legislation for Communicable Diseases Surveillance
International Health Regulations 2005 edition
Applying Epidemiology for the International Health Regulations. -- (approved version)
Public Health Microbiology Applied Immunology
Antibodies Antigen presenting cells (APC) Antigens (Ag)
How pathogens try to trick our defenses
Helminthic mechanisms of immune evasion Mechanism of infectious disease What determines our susceptibility to infections? Practical Aspects of Specimen Collection and Shipment
The Role of Microbiology
Bioinformatics Expert Advice Laboratory Support Types of Microorganisms Public Health Programs -- (approved version)
Statistical Concepts Models Logistic Regression -- (approved version)
Estimating Odds Ratios in the presence of interaction -- (approved version) Fitting logistic regression models -- (approved version) Interpreting model coefficients -- (approved version) Linear models -- (approved version) Model building strategies -- (approved version) The logistic model -- (approved version)
Stratified Analysis -- (approved version)
The Mantel Haenszel Method Power and Sample Size Presenting Statistics
Sampling
Concepts in sampling -- (approved version)
Statistical Tests Significance and Confidence
Confidence Intervals Significant probability to be different from the expected -- (approved version) The idea of Statistical Inference
