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| <strong>Welcome to FEMWIKI</strong>
| | = '''Field Epidemiology Manual''' = |
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| The Field Epidemiology Manual was originally developed by the ECDC to support the European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET). Trainers, supervisors, scientific coordinators, and facilitators created draft chapters using the lectures they delivered during the EPIET introductory course. The philosophy of sharing and building knowledge (in particular training materials) led to the creation of a collaborative information space for the epidemiological training community - The FEM Wiki. | | The Field Epidemiology Manual was originally developed in [https://web.archive.org/web/20050315063110/http://www.epiet.org/index.html 2004-2005 by EPIET] as the Field Epidemiology Manual, where facilitators and scientific coordinators contributed chapters. This informal reference book was transformed in 2007 into a WIKI format by the [http://ecdc.europa.eu ECDC] and the City eHealth Research Centre (CeRC - City University, London) <Ref>KOSTKOVA, Patty; SZOMSZOR, Martin. The FEM Wiki Project: A Conversion of a Training Resource for Field Epidemiologists into a Collaborative Web 2.0 Portal. In: Electronic Healthcare: Third International Conference, eHealth 2010, Casablanca, Morocco, December 13-15, 2010, Revised Selected Papers 3. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. p. 119-126.</ref>, <Ref>KOSTKOVA, Patty; PRIKAZSKY, Vladimir; BOSMAN, Arnold. FEMwiki: Crowdsourcing Semantic Taxonomy and Wiki Input Todomain Experts While Keeping Editorial Control: Mission Possible! In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Digital Health 2015. 2015. p. 27-34.</ref> to support the European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training ([https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/epiet-euphem EPIET]). Trainers, supervisors, scientific coordinators, and facilitators created draft chapters using the lectures they delivered during the EPIET introductory course. The philosophy of sharing and building knowledge (in particular training materials) led to creation of a collaborative information space for the epidemiological training community - The FEM Wiki. |
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| Eventually, the ECDC decommissioned the FEM Wiki and archived the last version as a PDF. Since FEM Wiki content was developed under Creative Commons, the Dutch Public Health Learning Support Company Transmissible decided to reinstall the Field Epidemiology manual as it was intended: a professional collaborative platform. | | Eventually, the ECDC decommissioned the FEM Wiki in 2022 and archived the last version as a [https://eva.ecdc.europa.eu/mod/resource/view.php?id=23002 PDF]. Since FEM Wiki content was developed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons], the Dutch Public Health Learning Support Company [https://Transmissible.eu Transmissible] decided to reinstall the Field Epidemiology manual as it was intended: a professional collaborative platform. |
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| The aim of the FEM Wiki is to create a library of training materials for field epidemiology training programs. | | The FEMWiki aims to create a library of training materials for field epidemiologists. |
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| | FEM Wiki is an open information-sharing platform for all professionals and the lay public interested in public health. It is hosted and funded by ECDC. Platform users provide the content of FEM Wiki and do not necessarily represent the official opinion of Transmissible BV. By contributing content to FEMWIKI, users agree to the conditions described under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons] and FEM Wiki users’ [[FEM Users code of conduct|code of conduct]]. |
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| <strong>Article Portal</strong>
| | Though this platform does not allow as many community activities besides maintaining the Field Epidemiology Manual, we have created an [[Talk:FEM-WIKI|open marketplace where users can discuss and exchange views]]: click on the 'Discussion' tab above. The FEMWIKI is organised into five main volumes. Below is a portal with links to each volume's main articles. |
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| Assessing the burden of disease and risk assessment -- (approved version)
| | <div style="display: inline-block; width: 30%; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 10px; margin: 5px;"> |
| Descriptive data analysis
| | '''Methods Portal''' |
| Analysis by person characteristics
| | <categorytree mode="all">Assessing the burden of disease and risk assessment</categorytree> |
| Analysis by place characteristics -- (approved version)
| | <categorytree mode="all">Statistical Concepts</categorytree> |
| Choosing an appropriate type of map
| | </div> |
| Which indicator to map? -- (approved version)
| | <div style="display: inline-block; width: 30%; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 10px; margin: 5px;"> |
| Analysis by time characteristics
| | '''Public Health Portal''' |
| Methods for setting thresholds in time series analysis -- (approved version)
| | <categorytree mode="all">Introduction to Public Health and basic concepts</categorytree> |
| Smoothing techniques for describing time series -- (approved version)
| | <categorytree mode="all">General Communication</categorytree> |
| Spatial Analysis (Geographical Information Systems)
| | </div> |
| Epidemic Intelligence
| | <div style="display: inline-block; width: 30%; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 10px; margin: 5px;"> |
| Rapid Risk Assessment
| | '''Infection Control''' |
| Classifying and Measuring Risk
| | <categorytree mode="all">Infection control and hospital hygiene</categorytree> |
| Identifying Risk
| | </div> |
| Stage 0: Preparation for rapid risk assessment
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| Stage 1: Collecting event information
| | =References= |
| Stage 2: Systematically collecting information
| | <References/> |
| Stage 3: Extracting relevant evidence
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| Stage 4: Appraising evidence
| | =FEMWiki Needs You!= |
| Stage 5; Estimating the risk
| | YES, you should contribute! |
| Surveillance - Principles -- (approved version)
| | If you are a Field Epidemiologist who loves to manage and share knowledge, then you are the one FEMWiki needs. [https://fieldepi.eu/fem-editor/ Request an account here], and we will be delighted to include more Field Epidemiologists in the FEM-editor crew! |
| Criteria for Surveillance
| | [[File:Aunt WIKI needs you2.jpg]] |
| Event-based Surveillance
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| Indicator-based Surveillance
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| Establishing a Surveillance System
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| Analysis of Surveillance Data
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| Analysis, Interpretation and Dissemination -- (approved version)
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| Quality checking -- (approved version)
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| Common errors in surveillance data analysis
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| Evaluation of Surveillance Systems
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| 10 common errors in surveillance evaluations
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| Quality, Governance and Operating Procedures -- (approved version)
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| Surveillance attributes for evaluation
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| capture-recapture
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| Sources and Types of Data -- (approved version)
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| Types of Surveillance System (Active vs Passive)
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| Surveillance System Design and Operation -- (approved version)
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| Uses of Surveillance Data
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| Objectives of Surveillance – Inputs and Outputs -- (approved version)
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| Opportunities and Challenges -- (approved version)
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| Surveillance or Research? -- (approved version)
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| The Components of Surveillance
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| The Role of Surveillance -- (approved version)
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| Field Epidemiology
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| Combining Studies: Meta-Analysis
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| Key definitions in infectious diseases epidemiology
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| Measurement in Field Epidemiology
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| Cluster Investigations
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| Statistical Methods for Cluster Investigation
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| Types of Cluster
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| Getting Measurement Right
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| Measures of association
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| Measures of Disease Impact -- (approved version)
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| Impact numbers
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| Measures of disease impact - Further reading -- (approved version)
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| Measures of impact among the exposed -- (approved version)
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| Measures of impact in the population -- (approved version)
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| Quantifying disease burden -- (approved version)
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| Measures of Disease Occurrence
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| Attack rates and case fatality
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| Incidence rate -- (approved version)
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| Odds
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| Probability
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| Prevalence -- (approved version)
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| Relation between risk and incidence rate
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| Risks and Rates
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| Problems with Measurement
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| Bias
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| Detection Bias
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| Effect Modification and Confounding -- (approved version)
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| Confounding in studies -- (approved version)
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| Criteria for confounding -- (approved version)
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| Dose Effect -- (approved version)
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| Effect Modification -- (approved version)
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| Interaction -- (approved version)
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| Residual Confounding -- (approved version)
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| Information (Measurement) Bias
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| Interviewer Bias
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| Recall Bias
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| Reporting Bias
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| Response Bias
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| Preventing bias
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| Selection Bias
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| Selection bias and case-control studies
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| Ascertainment Bias
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| Diagnostic bias
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| Non-response bias
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| Referral bias
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| Survival bias
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| Selection bias and cohort studies
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| Testing the Tests -- (approved version)
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| Diagnostic tests versus screening tests -- (approved version)
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| Glossary -- (approved version)
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| Parallel versus Serial testing -- (approved version)
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| Receiver operating curve -- (approved version)
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| Test Precision
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| Test reliability -- (approved version)
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| Test Reproducibility
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| Threshold setting -- (approved version)
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| Validity and accuracy -- (approved version)
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| Methods in Field Epidemiology
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| Scientific (evidence base for prevention)
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| Causal Inference -- (approved version)
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| Causal mechanisms -- (approved version)
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| Viewpoints for Causality (Bradford Hill) -- (approved version)
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| Types of Study
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| Analytical Study Designs
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| Advantages and disadvantages of cohort and case control studies
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| Case-control studies -- (approved version)
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| Case-cohort study -- (approved version)
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| Density case control studies
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| Table measuring risk, rate and odds ratio
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| Traditional case-control studies -- (approved version)
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| Choosing a Reference Group -- (approved version)
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| Control Selection
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| Developing a control definition
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| Special Considerations in Control Selection -- (approved version)
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| Cohort studies -- (approved version)
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| Measuring incidence rates
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| Measuring risk
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| Reference group for cohort studies -- (approved version)
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| Cross-sectional Studies
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| Matching -- (approved version)
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| Advantages and disadvantages of matching -- (approved version)
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| Principles of matching
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| Restriction -- (approved version)
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| Table format and Analysis -- (approved version)
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| Measures of effect in various study designs -- (approved version)
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| Non-traditional designs -- (approved version)
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| Case cross over studies -- (approved version)
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| Case to case study design -- (approved version)
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| Descriptive Studies
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| Experimental Studies
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| Outbreak Investigations -- (approved version)
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| Case definitions for outbreak assessment -- (approved version)
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| Case Definitions
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| Defining a Case
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| Sensitivity and Specificity of a case definition
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| Various Levels of Case Definition
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| Confirm the outbreak
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| Types of Outbreak
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| Continuing Source
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| Distinguishing Different Sources or Modes of Transmission during an outbreak -- (approved version)
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| Identifying Multiple Possible Outbreak Sources -- (approved version)
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| Person to Person
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| Point Source
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| Refining the estimated point in time of an outbreak source
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| Incubation period, Latent period and Generation time.
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| Unmasking Outbreak Source through Segmentation -- (approved version)
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| Vector Borne
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| Describe the outbreak
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| Construction of Epidemic Curves -- (approved version)
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| Diagnostic Applications of the Epidemic Curve -- (approved version)
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| Disentangling Complex Data -- (approved version)
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| Use of Epidemic Curves for characterising Outbreak Sources -- (approved version)
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| Informing Action / Improving Knowledge
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| Additional resources for presenting findings -- (approved version)
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| Choosing a method of data display -- (approved version)
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| Communication of findings
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| To professionals
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| Definition of an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version)
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| Frequent Problems with writing an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version)
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| Structure of an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version)
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| Writing an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version)
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| Writing style of an Outbreak Investigation Report -- (approved version)
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| SOCO (single over-riding communications objective)
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| To Public and the Media
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| Graphs, charts, diagrams -- (approved version)
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| Bar graphs
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| Frequency polygons
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| Histograms
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| Line graphs
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| Other types of data display
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| Pie charts -- (approved version)
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| Interpreting Data
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| Maps -- (approved version)
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| Presenting Data -- (approved version)
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| Tables -- (approved version)
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| Types of variables and line listing -- (approved version)
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| Use of computers -- (approved version)
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| Investigations in Special Circumstances
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| Disasters and Emergencies
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| Health care settings
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| Possible Terrorist / Deliberate Event
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| Prisons
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| Schools
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| Outbreak investigations: 10 steps, 10 pitfalls
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| Outbreak steps : additional points
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| Rationale for Outbreak Investigations
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| Public health response (informing control) | |
| The outbreak management team
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| Formal Risk Assessment
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| Health Economics
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| Cost-effectiveness
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| Cost-minimisation
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| Cost-utility
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| Measuring the Quality of Healthcare
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| Sensitivity Analysis
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| Screening
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| Evaluation of Screening
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| Measures of Accuracy in Screening
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| Principles of Screening
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| General Communication
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| Aide memoire for oral presentations and visual aids
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| Health communication
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| Crisis communication
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| Health advocacy
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| Health education
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| Health literacy
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| Outbreak communication
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| Risk communication
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| Social marketing
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| Writing a Study Protocol -- (approved version)
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| Analysing a public health problem
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| SMART definitions
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| Checklist for study protocols
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| Data collection instrument
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| Questionnaire Design -- (approved version)
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires
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| Bias in Questionnaires -- (approved version)
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| Hints to Design a Good Questionnaire -- (approved version)
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| Questionnaire Layout and Coding -- (approved version)
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| Seven Golden Rules to Design Questions -- (approved version)
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| Piloting Questionnaires
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| Ten Steps to Design a Questionnaire
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| Types of Questionnaires -- (approved version)
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| Types of Questions -- (approved version)
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| Format of closed questions -- (approved version)
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| Validated questionnaires
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| Writing for Publications
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| Checklist for posters -- (approved version)
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| Scientific paper review form
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| Writing for Stakeholders
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| Infection control and hospital hygiene
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| Antimicrobial stewardship
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| Healthcare-associated infection prevention and control as a part of patient safety programme
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| Healthcare-associated infection prevention and control programme
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| Cooperative learning as active learning in adult
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| Education and training of staff
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| Healthcare-associated infections and risk assessment
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| Burden of HAIs
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| Main pathogens and resistance
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| Antimicrobial resistance.
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| Acquired resistance
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| Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance
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| Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)
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| Types of HAIs
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| CAUTI
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| CLABSI
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| SSI
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| VAP
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| Infection control interventions
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| Cohorting patients and/or staff
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| Contact precautions
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| Developing infection control interventions: isolation
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| Environment as a source of healthcare-associated infections
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| Hand hygiene
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| Gloves and hand hygiene
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| Hand hygiene - principles
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| Five moments for hand hygiene
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| Hand hygiene before invasive procedures
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| Hand hygiene for patients and visitors
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| Indications for hand hygiene
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| Hand hygiene education and promotion
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| Hand hygiene methods
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| Hand hygiene products selection and evaluation
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| Aesthetic preferences
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| Evaluation of the microbicidal activities of hand-rub and hand-wash agents
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| Pilot testing
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| Product accessibility and cost
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| Selection and evaluation for specific products
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| Microbial flora of the hands
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| Nails, rings, watches, bracelets
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| Skin care
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| Hospital cleaning and decontamination
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| Immunization of health care workers
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| Isolation of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)
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| Methods for assessing environmental cleanliness
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| Microbial typing
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| Molecular epidemiology
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| Pre-emptive isolation
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| Reprocessing of flexible endoscopes
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| Standard precautions
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| The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in infection prevention and control
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| Clinical role of the microbiology laboratory.
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| Epidemiological/public health role of the clinical microbiology laboratory
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| Surveillance and investigation of healthcare-associated infections
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| Case definitions of healthcare infections
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| HAI case definitions for use in hospitals
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| Bloodstream Infection
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| Bone and Joint Infection
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| Cardiovascular System Infection
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| Catheter-Related Infection
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| Central Nervous System Infection
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| Eye, Ear, Nose or Mouth Infection
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| Gastrointestinal System Infections
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| Lower Respiratory Tract Infection other than pneumonia
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| Pneumonia
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| Reproductive Tract Infections
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| Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
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| Specific Neonatal Case definitions
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| Surgical Site Infection
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| Systemic Infections
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| Urinary Tract Infection
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| European surveillance of healthcare-associated infections
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| ECDC point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals
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| ECDC “Point prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals” protocol
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| ECDC “Point prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals”, definition of healthcare-associated infection
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| ECDC PPS - antimicrobial use definition
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| ECDC PPS - inclusion/exclusion criteria
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| ECDC point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in long term care facilities
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| ECDC surveillance of Surgical Site Infections
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| HAI Surveillance at the EU level - importance of international networks
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| ECDC Programme on antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections
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| European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net)
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| European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net)
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| Healthcare-Associated Infections Network (HAI-Net)
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| Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections
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| Surveillance of HAIs in intensive care units
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| The European Surveillance System (TESSy)
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| Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections - definition
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| Surveillance methodologies for healthcare associated infections
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| Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections - other approaches
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| Surveillance for MV Patients in the ICU
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| Introduction to Public Health and basic concepts
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| Public Health Informatics -- (approved version)
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| Apps for epidemiologists
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| Data Capture Systems
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| Electronic Data Transfer
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| Online Reporting
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| Web-crawling Applications
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| Health Informatics Standards – general introduction -- (approved version)
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| Health Informatics Standards - Health Information Systems and Processes
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| Health Informatics Standards - Standard Content
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| Software for epidemiologists -- (approved version)
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| Weblinks for epidemiologists
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| Public Health Interventions -- (approved version)
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| Contact tracing
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| Host -- (approved version)
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| Prevention -- (approved version)
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| Hygiene and Sanitation
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| Primary prevention
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| Vaccination
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| Herd immunity
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| Measuring protection
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| Secondary prevention
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| Tertiary prevention
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| Reservoir for infectious agents
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| Source of infection
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| Transmission routes
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| Public Health Law -- (approved version)
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| Brief history of International Communicable Disease Law
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| EU Public Health Legislation -- (approved version)
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| Decision 1082/2013/EU: Serious cross border health threat
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| Some key recitals under 1082
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| EU Food Safety Legislation
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| EU Legislation for Communicable Diseases Surveillance
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| International Health Regulations 2005 edition
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| Applying Epidemiology for the International Health Regulations. -- (approved version)
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| Public Health Microbiology
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| Applied Immunology
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| Antibodies
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| Antigen presenting cells (APC)
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| Antigens (Ag)
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| How pathogens try to trick our defenses
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| Helminthic mechanisms of immune evasion
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| Mechanism of infectious disease
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| What determines our susceptibility to infections?
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| Practical Aspects of Specimen Collection and Shipment
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| The Role of Microbiology
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| Bioinformatics
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| Expert Advice
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| Laboratory Support
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| Types of Microorganisms
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| Public Health Programs -- (approved version)
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| Statistical Concepts
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| Models
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| Logistic Regression -- (approved version)
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| Estimating Odds Ratios in the presence of interaction -- (approved version)
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| Fitting logistic regression models -- (approved version)
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| Interpreting model coefficients -- (approved version)
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| Linear models -- (approved version)
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| Model building strategies -- (approved version)
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| The logistic model -- (approved version)
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| Stratified Analysis -- (approved version)
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| The Mantel Haenszel Method
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| Power and Sample Size
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| Presenting Statistics
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| Sampling
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| Concepts in sampling -- (approved version)
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| Statistical Tests
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| Significance and Confidence
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| Confidence Intervals
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| Significant probability to be different from the expected -- (approved version)
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| The idea of Statistical Inference
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