Difference between revisions of "Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)"
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* Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012; 18:268-81. | * Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012; 18:268-81. | ||
[[Category:Main pathogens and resistance]] | [[Category:Main pathogens and resistance]] | ||
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| + | ==FEM PAGE CONTRIBUTORS== | ||
| + | * Diamantis Plachouras | ||
| + | * Carl Suetens | ||
| + | * Adriana Cataldo | ||
| + | * Vladimir Prikazsky | ||
Latest revision as of 15:07, 23 March 2023
MDRO pathogens that are frequently implicated in severe healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and have important infection control implications are the following:
- Gram-positive: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE);
- Gram-negative: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanni and Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories (see table) and organisms such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia, that are intrinsically resistant to the broadest-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
Table: Antimicrobial categories used to define MDR gram-negative bacteria.
| Enterobacteriaceae | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Acinetobacter spp | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aminoglycosides | Aminoglycosides | Aminoglycosides | ||
| Cephalosporins | Antipseudomonal cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime) | Antipseudomonal carbapenems (Imipenem, Meropenem, Doripenem) | ||
| Carbapenems (Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Doripenem) | Antipseudomonal carbapenems (Imipenem, Meropenem, Doripenem) | Antipseudomonal fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) | ||
| Antipseudomonal penicillins + beta-lactamase inhibitors | Antipseudomonal fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) | Antipseudomonal penicillins + beta-lactamase inhibitors | ||
| Fluoroquinolones | Antipseudomonal penicillins + beta-lactamase inhibitors (piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid) | Extended spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime) | ||
| Folate pathway inhibitors | Monobactams | Folate pathway inhibitors | ||
| Glycylcyclines | Phosphonic acids | Penicillins + beta-lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin/sulbactam) | ||
| Monobactams | Polymyxins | Polymyxins | ||
| Penicillins | Tetracyclines | |||
| Phenicols | ||||
| Phosphonic acids | ||||
| Polymyxins | ||||
| Tetracyclines |
References
- Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012; 18:268-81.
FEM PAGE CONTRIBUTORS
- Diamantis Plachouras
- Carl Suetens
- Adriana Cataldo
- Vladimir Prikazsky
Root > Infection control and hospital hygiene > Healthcare-associated infections and risk assessment > Main pathogens and resistance
